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The Cleveland Museum of Art 11150 East Blvd Cleveland Ohio 44106

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Art museum in Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland Museum of Art
Cleveland Museum of Art logo.png
Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg
Established 1913 (1913)
(officially opened in 1916)
Location 11150 E Boulevard
Cleveland, Ohio
Coordinates 41°30′32″N 81°36′42″Westward  /  41.50889°N 81.61167°Due west  / 41.50889; -81.61167 Coordinates: 41°30′32″Northward 81°36′42″West  /  41.50889°North 81.61167°Due west  / 41.50889; -81.61167
Visitors 769,000 annually (2018)[1]
Manager William Thou. Griswold[2]
Website www.clevelandart.org

The Cleveland Museum of Fine art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the urban center's due east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art, the museum houses a various permanent drove of more than 61,000 works of art from effectually the world.[3] The museum provides full general admission free to the public. With a $755 million endowment, it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States.[4] With near 770,000 visitors annually (2018), it is i of the most visited art museums in the world.[ane]

History [edit]

View of the museum from the steps of the Euclid Avenue archway to Wade Park, overlooking the Lagoon. Seen in the foreground is Frank Jirouch's 1928 bronze sculpture, Night Passing the Earth to Day.

Beginnings [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington, and Horace Kelley.[5] The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble, Beaux-Arts building was constructed on the southern border of Wade Park, at the cost of $i.25 million.[6] Wade Park and the museum were designed past the local architectural house, Hubbell & Benes, with the museum planned as the park's centerpiece.[7] The 75-acre (300,000 m2) green space takes its proper name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, who donated office of his wooded estate to the metropolis in 1881.[8] The museum opened its doors to the public on June 6, 1916, with Wade's grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming it, "for the benefit of all people, forever".[ix] Wade, like his granddaddy, had a groovy interest in art and served as the museum'south showtime vice-president; in 1920 he became its president.[10] Today, the park, with the museum yet every bit its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places.[11]

Mid to belatedly 20th century expansion [edit]

Northern entrance, showing the 1971 add-on designed past Marcel Breuer.

In March 1958, the first addition to the edifice opened, doubling the museum'south floorspace. This addition, which was on the north side of the original building, was designed by the Cleveland architectural business firm of Hayes and Ruth. They designed new gallery space and a new art library.

The museum again expanded in 1971 with the opening of the North Wing. With its stepped, 2-toned granite facade, the addition designed by modernist architect Marcel Breuer provided angular lines in singled-out contrast with the flourishes of the 1916 building's neoclassical facade. The museum'southward chief entrance was shifted to the Due north Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls were likewise moved into the North Fly, allowing their spaces in the Original Building to be renovated as gallery infinite.

In 1983, a West Fly, designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson, & Partners, was completed. This provided larger library space, too every bit nine new galleries.

Between 2001 and 2012, the 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished. A new wrap-around building, and eastward and westward wings were constructed. Designed by Rafael Viñoly, this $350 one thousand thousand project doubled the museum'due south size to 592,000 square anxiety (55,000 m2). To integrate the new e and west wings with the Breuer building to the north, a new structure was built along the south side of the 1971 addition, creating extensive new gallery space on 2 levels, besides as providing for a museum store and other amenities. Viñoly covered the infinite created by the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium. The east wing opened in 2009, and the northward wing and atrium in 2012.[12] The West Wing opened on January 2, 2014.[xiii]

Expansion in the 21st century [edit]

Inside the museum's atrium, which opened in 2012

The museum's building and renovation projection, "Building for the Time to come",[9] began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 (though information technology was not completed until 2013)[one] at projected costs of $258 1000000.[14] The museum celebrated the official completion of the renovation and expansion project with a grand opening commemoration held on December 31, 2013, and boosted activities that continued through the first week of 2014.[15] The $350 million project—2-thirds of which was earmarked for the complete renovation of the original 1916 structure—added two new wings, and was the largest cultural project in Ohio'south history.[9] The new east and due west wings, as well as the enclosing of the atrium courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, have brought the museum'southward total floor infinite to 592,000 square feet (55,000 chiliad2) (an increase of approximately 65%).

The first phase of the projection had $9.3 meg in cost overruns; the opening was delayed by nine months. Museum manager Timothy Rub assured the public that the increase in quality would be worth both the wait and expense.[16] In June 2008, after being closed for about three years for the overhaul, the museum reopened 19 of its permanent galleries to the public in the renovated 1916 building main floor.

On June 27, 2009, the newly constructed East Fly (which contains the Impressionist, Contemporary, and Modern art collections) opened to the public.

Chester Beach's 1927 Fountain of the Waters adjacent the museum'due south main entrance in Wade Park.

On June 26, 2010, the ground level of the 1916 building reopened. It at present houses the collections of Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Sub-Saharan African, Byzantine, and Medieval art.[17] The expanded museum includes enhanced visitor civilities, such as new restrooms, an expanded store and café, a sit down-down gourmet restaurant, parking capacity increased to 620 spaces, and a 34,000 square anxiety (3,200 mtwo) glass-covered courtyard.

On June 12, 2021, Cleveland Museum of Art opened a community arts middle in Cleveland's Clark-Fulton neighborhood. It hosts former Parade the Circle floats, displays and art that were previously in temporary storage.[xviii]

Wade Park [edit]

Wade Park includes an outdoor gallery displaying part of the museum'due south holdings in the Wade Park Fine Arts Garden. The bulk of this collection is located between the original 1916 main entrance to the building and the lagoon. Highlights of the public sculpture include the large bandage of Chester Beach's 1927 Fountain of the Waters; a monument to the Polish expatriate and American Revolutionary War-hero Tadeusz Kościuszko; and the 1928 bronze statuary sundial by Frank Jirouch, Night Passing the World to Day, which sits across Wade Lagoon from the museum, near the park's archway on Euclid Artery.

Auguste Rodin's The Thinker is installed at the top of the museum's main staircase. Later on existence partially destroyed in a 1970 bombing (allegedly by the Weathermen),[xix] the statue was never restored. Art historians knew that Rodin was involved in the original casting of this sculpture. The 1970 damage (noted on a plaque since mounted at the base of the statue's pedestal) is considered to accept fabricated this casting unique among the more than 20 original large castings of this work.[ citation needed ]

Collections [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art divides its collections into 16 departments, including Chinese Art, Mod European Art, African Fine art, Drawings, Prints, European Art, Textiles and Islamic Art, American Painting and Sculpture, Greek and Roman Art, Contemporary Art, Medieval Art, Decorative Art and Blueprint, Pre-Columbian and Native North American Fine art, Japanese and Korean Art, Indian and Southeast Asian Art, and Photography. Artists represented by significant works include Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Botticelli, Giambattista Pittoni, Caravaggio, El Greco, Poussin, Rubens, Frans Hals, Gerard David, Goya, J.M.W. Turner, Dalí, Matisse, Renoir, Gauguin (The Call), Frederic Edwin Church building, Thomas Cole, Corot, Thomas Eakins, Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Picasso, and George Bellows. The Museum has been agile recently in acquiring afterward 20th-century art, having added important works by Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Christo, Anselm Kiefer, Ronald Davis, Larry Poons, Leon Kossoff, Jack Whitten, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Chuck Close, Robert Mangold, Ching Ho Cheng, Mark Tansey and Sol LeWitt, among others.

The museum'south African art collection consists of 300 traditional, sub-Saharan works from the Bini, Congo, Senufo, and Yoruba peoples, mostly donated past Cleveland collector Katherine C. White.[twenty] The museum is peculiarly potent in the field of Asian art, possessing one of the best collections in the U.Due south.[ further explanation needed ] [21]

In June 2004, the museum acquired an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos, believed to be an original work by Praxiteles of Athens. Because the work has a contested provenance, the museum continues to report the dating and attribution of the sculpture. In 2011, Michael Bennet, the Greek and Roman arts curator, appear that he had dated the slice to 350 B.C. to 250 B.C.[22] In 2013, the museum held a focus exhibition on the statue. It announced reattribution of the work as Apollo the Python-Slayer, and said that the statue was well-nigh certainly an original work by Praxiteles himself, and that laboratory investigations and adept testimony conclusively show the statuary was neither a contempo discovery nor recovered from the bounding main.[23]

In 2008, the United States Postal Service selected the Cleveland Museum's famed Botticelli painting entitled Virgin and Child with the Young John the Baptist equally the Christmas stamp for that yr.[24]

Modern European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art'south Modernistic European Painting and Sculpture collection holds pieces dating from 1800 to 1960, and contains virtually 537 pieces. The collection contains Impressionism and Postal service-impressionism works, avant-garde art styles, and German Expressionism and Neuesachlichkeit art.[25]

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

This drove holds pieces dating from 1500 to 1800, with major works representing Italian Baroque, Spanish Bizarre, Italian Renaissance, as well as significant French, British, and Dutch paintings.[26]

American Painting and Sculpture [edit]

The collection is curtailed, containing about 300 paintings and 90 sculptures. Major attractions in the collection include William Sideny Mount's The Ability of Music, Frederich Edwin Church'south Twilight in the Wilderness, and Albert Pinkham Ryder'due south The Racetrack (Death on a Stake Equus caballus). A number of Cleveland-based artists are as well included in the museum'due south holdings, placing an emphasis on local fine art.[27]

Photography [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Fine art contains a small collection of fine fine art photography, dating back to 1893. Of special notation are pieces from photography'south first contributors, specially French, English, and American photographers. Other highlights of the collection are "photography with complete sets of The Northward American Indian past Edward S. Curtis and Photographic camera Work; surrealist photography created primarily between the two globe wars; and Cleveland-specific discipline matter produced past regional and national photographers".[28]

  • A Nakoaktok Chief's Daughter

  • Walker Evans, Allie Mae Burroughs, Wife of a Cotton Sharecropper, Hale County, Alabama, 1936.

Decorative Art and Design [edit]

An internationally renowned collection, the Decorative Art and Pattern drove "consists of useful objects in which the form and decoration are the primary focus, non objects intended purely as sculpture"[29]

  • A cabinet from 1690

Ingalls Library [edit]

In add-on to its comprehensive collection of fine art, the Cleveland Museum of Fine art is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest fine art libraries in the United States.[30] As part of the initial 1913 plan by the museum'south founders, a library of x,000 volumes was to be assembled, to include photographs and archival works. By the 1950s, the collection of books alone had surpassed 37,000 and the photographic collection neared 47,000.[31] By the 21st century, the library had more than 500,000 volumes (and 500,000 digitized slides); renovation of the library space was one of the focal points in the museum's $350 million expansion.

ARTLENS Gallery [edit]

Three museum visitors strike different poses as they interact with a digital ARTLENS display.

Museum visitors interacting with a gesture-based ARTLENS display.

The ARTLENS Gallery is a series of interactive displays and a mobile app that allow visitors to view and interact with the museum's digitized drove. ARTLENS is divided into four components:[32] [33]

  • The ArtLens Wall is a twoscore-foot display that lets visitors scan and calibration all works that are displayed in the museum, every bit well equally some artworks that are not. The wall rotates through artworks in groups organized by criteria such as blazon, shape, and color.[33]
  • The ArtLens Exhibition is a rotating selection of artworks that are showcased through digital gesture-based games and activities. Examples of these activities are automatically matching the shape of a user's hand gestures to an artwork, or having the user imitate poses found in various works, which are then scored for accuracy.[33] [34]
  • The ArtLens Studio is a series of digital studios for visitors to make their own artwork, such as creating digital pottery by mimicking a potter's movements, or creating collages from images provided by the museum.[35]
  • The ArtLens mobile application provides data nigh the museum and lists of all its artworks.[36] The app is able to communicate via Bluetooth to beacons located throughout the museum to determine the user'due south location, and allows the user to mark and salvage artworks they come up beyond. The app connects to the previously mentioned ArtLens Exhibition and Wall.[33]

Following the launch of ARTLENS, the Cleveland Museum of Art conducted a two-twelvemonth study to see how the gallery impacts visitor engagement.[37] [38] Surveys from Nov 2017 and January 2018 of 438 ARTLENS visitors found that 76% of viewers felt that the gallery "enhanced their overall museum experience"; 74% felt that it "encouraged them to look closely at art and detect new things"; and 73% said that information technology "increased their interest in the museum's drove."[38] [39] [37] Museum visitors born between 1981 and 1996 were fifteen% more likely to visit the gallery compared to older individuals.[38] [37] The ARTLENS system also gathers analytical data; the fourth dimension patrons spent looking at artworks went from an average of two-to-three seconds to 15 seconds.[34]

Programs [edit]

The Cleveland Museum of Art likewise maintains a schedule of special exhibitions, lectures, films and musical programs. The department of performing arts, music and movie hosts a film series[40] and the museum's Performing Arts Series,[41] which brings the creative energies of internationally renowned artists into Cleveland.

The section of pedagogy[42] at CMA creates programs for lifelong learning from lectures, talks and studio classes to outreach programs and community events, such every bit Parade the Circle",[43] Chalk Festival[44] and the "Winter Lights Lantern Festival".[45] Educational programs include distance learning,[46] "Fine art to Get",[47] and the "Educator's Academy".[48] The museum is also home to the Ingalls Library, 1 of the largest fine art museum libraries in the U.s. with over 500,000 volumes.[49]

Open Access collection materials [edit]

A digital display highlighting works released as part of the Open Access initiative.

In January 2019, the Cleveland Museum of Art announced that it was waiving its rights to "roughly 30,000 of the 61,328 objects in its permanent collection considered to be in the public domain".[l] They are using the Creative Eatables – Zero license for high-resolution images and data most its drove.[51] Additionally, metadata for more than than 61,000 pieces in its collection have been made available.[52] The Open Access material is available on a special section of the museum website.[53]

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

The museum reported attendance of 597,715 during the period betwixt July 1, 2013 and June thirty, 2014, the highest total in more than a decade.[54] In 2018, the museum had a record 769,435 visitors, replacing the previous record of 719,620 in 1987.[one]

Finance [edit]

In 1958, a $35-1000000 heritance by industrialist Leonard C. Hanna Jr. vaulted the Cleveland Museum of Art into the ranks of the country's richest fine art museums.[55] Today, the museum receives operating support from the Ohio Arts Council through state revenue enhancement dollars. It is also funded by Cuyahoga County residents through Cuyahoga Arts and Culture. The museum derives effectually two thirds of its $36 one thousand thousand budget from interest on its endowment, which was reported as $750 one thousand thousand in 2014.[56] [57] The museum has an conquering fund of $277 one thousand thousand, from which it draws virtually $13 million a year for purchase of works for its collections.[58]

Marketing [edit]

The museum has also taken an active role in presenting music concerts and lectures. These include performances past Chanticleer (ensemble), Roomful of Teeth, and John Luther Adams among others.

  • The Cleveland Museum of Art, Winter Lights Lantern Festival.

  • Noche Flamenca, part of CMA's VIVA! & Gala, now called the Performing Arts Series.[59]

Directors [edit]

  • William Grand. Griswold (2014–)[iv]
  • Fred Bidwell (2013–2014, acting director)[iv]
  • David Franklin (2010–2013)[threescore] [4]
  • Deborah Gribbon (2009–2010, interim director)
  • Timothy Rub (2006–2009)[14]
  • Katharine Lee Reid (2000–2006)[61]
  • Kate Sellars (1999–2000, acting manager)[61]
  • Robert P. Bergman (1993–1999)[62]
  • Evan H. Turner (1983–1993)[63]
  • Dr. Sherman Due east. Lee (1958–1982)
  • William Grand. Milliken (1930–1958)
  • Frederic Allen Whiting (1913–1930)

In popular culture [edit]

The museum is the stand-in for the fictional Southward.H.I.Due east.Fifty.D. headquarters in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and tin can be extensively seen in several office and establishing shots of Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014). In several scenes, the museum's atrium tin be seen as the "anteroom" for the Washington, D.C.-based government system. The outside of the museum and elevator tower are in other shots equally well.

See as well [edit]

  • Mural with a Windmill, 1646

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Litt, Steven (January 15, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Fine art hit record attendance in 2018, thank you to Kusama, Front and new programs". cleveland.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019.
  2. ^ Steven Litt, The Evidently Dealer (May 20, 2014). "William Griswold, manager of the Morgan Library & Museum in New York, is named director of the Cleveland Museum of Fine art". cleveland.com. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  3. ^ "General Museum Information". Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  4. ^ a b c d Steven Litt (26 March 2014). "Afterwards triumph and trauma, the Cleveland Museum of Art seeks committed, long-term leadership: CMA 2014". Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  5. ^ "The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  6. ^ "most – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. 2002-09-28. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  7. ^ "Hubbell and Benes". Architectureofcleveland.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  8. ^ "Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:WADE, JEPTHA HOMER I". Ech.case.edu. 1997-07-23. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  9. ^ a b c "the building projection – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2011-xi-03. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  10. ^ "Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:WADE, JEPTHA HOMER Two". Ech.cwru.edu. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  11. ^ "National Register of Historical Places – OHIO (OH), Cuyahoga County". Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  12. ^ McGuigan, Cathleen (October sixteen, 2012). "Cleveland Museum of Art: Earning its Stripes: A Museum Builds on its Many Legacies". Architectural Record . Retrieved July 24, 2016. [ permanent dead link ]
  13. ^ Litt, Steven (December 26, 2013). "Rediscovering Cathay, India and Southeast Asia at the Cleveland Museum of Art: The new W Wing". The Plain Dealer . Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  14. ^ a b Carol Vogel (January 6, 2006), Cleveland Museum Gets New Managing director The New York Times.
  15. ^ kmiers (18 December 2013). "Cleveland Museum of Fine art Celebrates Significant Accomplishments". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  16. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Fine art renovations showtime to see the light" Archived 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Automobile, The Plain Dealer, March 29, 2008.
  17. ^ "calendar – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2011-12-28 .
  18. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art opens new Community Arts Center". WKYC. 11 June 2021.
  19. ^ "JAIC 1998, Book 37, Number two, Article ii (pp. 173 to 186)". Aic.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  20. ^ "Cleveland Museum Appoints Ugochukwu-Smoothen C. Nzewi Curator of African Art – News – Fine art & Teaching". Art & Teaching. June 6, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  21. ^ "DIA's collection has national luster". The Detroit News. 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  22. ^ "Cleveland Art Apollo". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  23. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Fine art Presents Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo". 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  24. ^ "2008 Stamps". USPS Postal News. United states of america Postal Service. Archived from the original on May ix, 2009.
  25. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Modernistic European Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  26. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "European Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Fine art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  27. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "American Painting and Sculpture". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-ten-24 .
  28. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Photography". Cleveland Museum of Fine art . Retrieved 2018-10-24 .
  29. ^ admin (2012-09-17). "Decorative Art and Pattern". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2018-ten-24 .
  30. ^ "History of the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  31. ^ "About the Ingalls Library". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  32. ^ Usmani, Josh. "Cleveland Museum of Art'south New ArtLens Gallery Will Give Visitors a More Interactive Feel". Cleveland Scene . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  33. ^ a b c d "ARTLENS Gallery". Cleveland Museum of Fine art. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  34. ^ a b "The Cleveland Museum of Art Wants You To Play With Its Art". Smithsonian . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  35. ^ "ArtLens Studio". Cleveland Museum of Art. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  36. ^ "ARTLENS". App Store . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  37. ^ a b c "The Cleveland Museum Studied How to Best Engage Visitors in the Age of Netflix. Here's What They Establish". artnet News. 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  38. ^ a b c Bolander, Elizabeth; Ridenour, Hannah; Quimby, Claire. "Fine art Museums and Applied science: Developing New Metrics to Mensurate Visitor Appointment" (PDF). Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  39. ^ Litt, Steven (2019-05-26). "CMA survey: Digital technology isn't just fun – it sharpens understanding of fine art". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-08-12 .
  40. ^ "films – The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2013-04-26 .
  41. ^ admin (21 August 2012). "Music and Performances". Cleveland Museum of Fine art.
  42. ^ "Learn | Cleveland Museum of Art mobile site". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-fifteen .
  43. ^ "Parade the Circle | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  44. ^ "Chalk Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  45. ^ "Winter Lantern Lights Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  46. ^ "Distance Learning | The Cleveland Museum of Art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  47. ^ "Fine art to Go | The Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Clevelandart.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-07-xv .
  48. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art – Educators Academy". Archived from the original on June 19, 2010.
  49. ^ "Library". The Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved 2015-03-23 .
  50. ^ Litt, Steven (January 23, 2019). "Cleveland Museum of Art launches next-generation open access to artworks and data online". cleveland.com . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  51. ^ marmitage (2018-12-28). "Open up Access at the Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Cleveland Museum of Art . Retrieved 2019-01-23 .
  52. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Launches Open Access Collections Database". CODART . Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  53. ^ marmitage (28 December 2018). "Open Admission at the Cleveland Museum of Fine art". Cleveland Museum of Art.
  54. ^ "Cleveland Museum of Art Reports Strong Gains in Omnipresence, Membership, Fundraising", Press release, The Cleveland Museum of Fine art.
  55. ^ Elaine Woo (July xx, 2008), "Cleveland art museum director gave it prestige", Los Angeles Times.
  56. ^ Jason Edward Kaufman (January 8, 2009), How the richest Usa museums are weathering the tempest, The Art Paper.
  57. ^ Carol Vogel (May 20, 2014), "Cleveland Hires Leader Of Morgan", The New York Times.
  58. ^ Judith H. Dobrzynski (March 14, 2012), "How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations", The New York Times.
  59. ^ "CMA Research Resources : The Thinker at the CMA". Clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2014-07-15 .
  60. ^ Steven Litt (Baronial 27, 2010). "David Franklin of the National Gallery of Canada named director of the Cleveland Museum of Art". Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  61. ^ a b Judith H. Dobrzynski (January 5, 2000), Museum Primary in Cleveland The New York Times.
  62. ^ William H. Honan (May seven, 1999), Robert P. Bergman, 53, Head Of Cleveland Museum of Fine art The New York Times.
  63. ^ Susan Heller Anderson (May eighteen, 1982), CLEVELAND MUSEUM CHOOSES DIRECTOR The New York Times.

Further reading [edit]

  • (in Japanese) 門脇 興次 (前クリーブランド日本語補習校(Japanese Language School of Cleveland)教諭・千葉県立成田市立東小学校教諭). "補習授業校における国際理解教育の実践 : クリーブランド美術館におけるジャパニーズフェスティバルを通して." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 24, 111–114, 2001. Tokyo Gakugei University. Encounter profile at CiNii.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • FRAME – The Cleveland Museum of Art is a fellow member of FRAME (French Regional American Museum Exchange) and has presented and contributed to FRAME-sponsored exhibitions.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art

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